![]() Some of the divisions of the Uto-Aztecan language family include: 1000, displacing or replacing the earlier carriers of the Fremont and Virgin Branch Anasazi cultures in Utah, eastern Nevada, and Northern Arizona.”ĭivisions of languages within a language family are called sub-families, groups or sub-groups. “Archaeological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Numic-speaking peoples spread across the Great Basin sometime after A.D. In an article in Utah Historical Quarterly, Catherine and Don Fowler report: The northernmost of these Uto-Aztecan speakers dispersed into the Great Basin as Utes, Paiutes, Gosiutes, Bannock, and Shoshone, gradually displacing the Hokan occupants westward toward the mountains and deserts.” “Speakers of Uto-Aztecan languages appeared in the Southwest more than 3,000 years ago, possibly from southern Mexico and Central America. Regarding the diaspora of Uto-Aztecan speakers into the Southwest and the Great Basin, Stephen Hirst, in his book I Am The Grand Canyon: The Story of the Havasupai People, reports: The Indian nations whose languages belong to this family are found in the Southwest, in California, in the Great Basin, and in Mexico. The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest language families in the Americas. “When we know the language of an Indian group, we have a clue to its history.” ![]() Anthropologist Ruth Underhill, in her book Work a Day Life of the Pueblos, writes: Understanding language families is one of the keys to understanding the historical relationships between the Indian groups. They maintain that valid methods do not at present permit reduction of North American Indian languages to fewer than 58 independent language families and isolates.” “Amerind is rejected by nearly all specialists in Native American languages. While there have been some attempts to group most American Indian languages into a single “superstock” called Amerind, Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun, and Mauricio Mixco, in their entry on North America in Atlas of the World’s Languages, write: In North America, linguists generally recognize 58 language families and isolates. “Language families are groups of languages that can be shown to be genetically related, using techniques developed by comparative linguistics.” Dale Kinkade, in their chapter on languages in the Handbook of North American Indians: Using these comparisons, they group languages into language families. Linguists studying and comparing languages throughout the world have noted that some languages are similar to each other in terms of vocabulary, sound patterns, and grammatical structure.
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![]() In my own land, in the country of Fangorn,Īnd the years lie thicker than the leavesĪmbarona, Tauremorna, Aldalómë, and Tauremornalómeë are all other names Treebeard has given to Fangorn, his home. Finally…Īnd I walk in Ambarona, in Tauremorna, in Aldalómë, ![]() To the pine-trees upon the highland of Dorthonion I climbed in the Winter.Īh! the wind and the whiteness and the black branches of Winter upon Orod-na-Thön!Īnd now all those lands lie under the waveĭorthonion is another forested region in Beleriand that was briefly populated by the folk of Bëor, and Orod-na-Thon is a mountain of that region. This appears to be a Quenya variant on the same name. If you’ve read the Silmarillion then you know that name, but then he throws us another curve ball with Taur-na-neldor. It is the southern part of the woods that make up the kingdom of Doriath and under the protection of Melian the Maia. Neldoreth would be a prime destination for the forest sightseer. To the beeches of Neldoreth I came in the Autumn.Īh! the gold and the red and the sighing of leaves in the It is also the land in which Beren and Lúthien retire to Tol Galen after their return from death. ![]() It was a land populated by a small colony of ‘Green-elves’, led by the first Denethor. Rightfully so! Ossiriand is a Sindarin name for the region of southeast Beleriand where the seven rivers mingle. Even if we are not scholars of elvish languages, we see some roots and morphemes that should be recognized from the Sindar. I wandered in Summer in the elm-woods of Ossiriand.Īh! the light and the music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir! This is how I imagine Treebeard’s usage of Quenya. But, being isolated in the States, away from the rest of the Spanish-speaking world, their Spanish was antique, sounding to contemporary Spanish-speaking visitors like the King James of Spanish. Some how, through all the generations, they maintained their bilingual affiliations, speaking both Spanish and English. It makes me think of a family I saw on a travel show in New Mexico: this family was the descendants of very early Spanish settlers in North America. He seems to prefer it to the more widely used Sindarin, which is a brilliant move by Tolkien: Treebeard isn’t in on the goings-on of the world and would not know that Sindarin is the more fashionable and commonly used of the Elvish languages. The standout is, of course, Treebeard’s use of Quenya. Tasarinan and Nan-tasarion are the Quenya names for Nan-tathren, an ‘angle’ between the rivers Narog and Sirion in Beleriand, the West of Middle-earth in the First Age of the Sun. In the willow-meads of Tasarinan I walked in the Spring.Īh! the sight and the smell of the Spring in Nan-tasarion! However I think it will be interesting and insightful to break this poem down line by line and talk a bit about each place, the better to understand our treeish friend. What can we learn about this curious person from his lament? Even if we don’t cipher the odd names and places he mentions, it is clear that he has been walking Middle-earth for a long, long time. I almost feel that I dislike you both, but do not let us be hasty. ‘Turn round and let me have a look at your faces. ![]() ‘Almost felt you liked the Forest! That’s good! That’s uncommonly kind of you,’ said a strange voice. Merry and Pippin climb a stone hill in Fangorn to try and get the lay of the land and find a way out of the dense, labyrinthine wood. When we first meet Treebeard it is, not unlike Tolkien’s own discovery, quite happenstance. It is a place full of trolls, dwarves, hags, and other wondrous creatures…but those stories did not have tree people. That is for another blog, but it is, in a sense, literally true for Tolkien: Midgard, Middle-earth, midden-erd has been the description of the known world for much of northern European mythology. A serious point of departure is the notion that the creation exists apart from its creator the artist merely discovers it. So curious that even its author came upon unexpected things. I came at last to the point, and wrote the ‘Treebeard’ chapter without any recollection of any previous thought: just as it now is. And then I saw that, of course, it had not happened to Frodo at all.’ Thus, though I knew for years that Frodo would run into a tree-adventure somewhere far down the Great River, I have no recollection of inventing Ents. ‘I have long ceased to invent…I wait till I seem to know what really happened. ![]() There is life on the other side of manual spreadsheets. Minimize administrative overhead costs, reallocate time for more projects, and improve project communication. Quick cost-estimating using historical data and a free mobile app! Easily track your entire contract portfolio progress andĭocumentation right to substantial completion. Automate your construction contract document preparation in seconds on a centralized platform. With automated addenda builder and bid-tabulation we can negotiate and award faster. ASLA has also reviewed free and open-source software available to landscape architects, and provided links to download.ĪSLA Members: Purchase Discounted SoftwareĬontractComplete is a collaborative cloud-based contract administration solution designed to save time and stay organized for landscape architects, contractors, and theirįollowing quantity take-offs, ContractComplete offers a secure platform for landscape architects to send out their bid/tender packages for full digital submissions. Ayers Saint Gross >ĪSLA members get discounts on design software and technology for landscape architects, provided by firms such as ContractComplete, Keysoft, Land F/X, Vectorworks, and Environment by Revit. You can also add markers to pinpoint locations and Planimeter supports both imperial and metric units.ASLA 2018 Professional Research Honor Award. Planimeter is especially useful for quickly measuring lot sizes and buildings but also for home users that need to estimate sizes of paving, asphalt, flat roofs and more. This includes lawns, fences, paving or anything else visible on the satellite map. Planimeter is a very useful landscaping app that allows you to measures distances and land areas on maps. The image library has over 18,000+ with plants by climate zone, hardscapes, water features, statuary, outdoor kitchens and fireplaces and more. PRO Landscape Companion works with the PRO Landscape desktop software and allows you to create landscape designs, proposals using your own prices. It’s aimed mainly at professional landscapers and contractors that need a powerful landscaping tool to cost projects for clients. Note that it’s only free if you have already purchased the desktop software. ![]() PRO Landscape Companion is a free companion app for PRO Landscape design software. Houzz can also put you in touch with contractor, designer, or landscaper if you need professional help. There’s also plenty of inspiration from the Houzz community of users can help develop your landscape plans with suggestions. For gardens and yards there’s an equally large selection of furniture, fittings and landscaping items that you can purchase directly with Apple Pay. Houzz is the biggest home renovation design sites on the web and the Houzz mobile app is one of the most popular home and landscape design apps for phones and tablets on the market.įor interiors, Houzz has a huge selection of furnishings, accessories and lighting fixtures. Anything more than that requires a subscription ranging from $14.99 per month. IScape is free if your garden has less than 10 plants in it. IScape is amazing both for home owners that want to redesign their yard to professional landscape designers that need to render a project for clients. IScape is easily the most powerful mobile landscape design app out there and is so good, that even professional landscaping contractors use it for their work. You can add layers and there’s even a seat counter if you’re planning a garden party or event with lots of guests. You can upload your own photos, plot with the mapping tool and measure using the virtual ruler. Home Outside is a tap-and-drag app with over 700 hand-drawn elements that homeowners and design professionals can use to create a simple property plan or garden layout. Home Outside is an easy-to-use alternative to highly technical CAD-type design programs. ![]() Neil Oliver: 'World domination & a terrifying 'what if'!!!.Biden says he can't remember a single time when his memory has failed him.Record number of teenage first-time offenders in The Netherlands.Germany doing 'dramatically bad', economic minister admits.Mahan Air has repeatedly denied having any ties to the seized aircraft. "To circumvent the sovereignty of the countries they flew over, they omitted data from the plane in the flight plan, gave it the connotation of a military state flight (TYSON23), intermittently turned off the transponder, and took off from Argentina at midnight, to hide in darkness as criminals when they perpetrate a crime," Venezuelan Transport Minister Ramon Araguayan wrote on social media.Ĭaracas has promised a "forceful, direct and proportionate response to this attack," and said it would take "all actions to restore justice and achieve the restitution of the aircraft to its legitimate owner." In a statement published on X by Venezuelan Foreign Minister Yvan Hill, Caracas also denounced the covert nature of the transfer, claiming that the US and Argentina had concealed information when identifying the flight and turned off the 747's transponders several times en route to the US on Sunday. Venezuela's government has described the seizure of the plane as "blatant theft" and an act of "collusion" between the US and Argentina that violated civil aeronautics regulations as well as the "commercial, civil and political rights" of Emtrasur. The aircraft is now being "prepared for disposition," the DOJ said without providing further details. He added that the US was "committed to ensuring that the full force of US laws deny hostile state actors the means to engage in malign activities that threaten our national security."Ĭomment: US laws are not international laws but sanctions laws which enforces the 'rules based order'. The seized jet had earlier been sold by Mahan Air to Venezuelan cargo airline Emtrasur in a transaction that "violated US export control laws and directly benefited the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps," explained DOJ Assistant Attorney General Matthew G. The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by Washington. US officials claim that the aircraft was previously owned by Mahan Air - a sanctioned Iranian airline that the US accuses of ferrying weapons and fighters for the IRGC - the primary branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. Caracas has slammed the move, claiming the transfer of its aircraft to the US was done in secret.Īccording to a statement on the US Department of Justice (DOJ) website on Monday, the American-manufactured jumbo jet was transferred to the US on February 11 by the government of Argentina, which had detained the aircraft back in 2022. US authorities have taken custody of a Venezuelan cargo plane, claiming that it previously belonged to an Iranian airline allegedly affiliated with the Quds Force of the the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). American officials claim the Boeing 747 aircraft previously belonged to a sanctioned Iranian airline. It is highly likely that this software program is clean. Based on this checking, we set the following security levels for any downloadable files. To avoid any potential harm to your device and ensure the security of your data and privacy, our team checks every time a new installation file is uploaded to our servers or linked to a remote server and periodically reviews the file to confirm or update its status. Output and Sharing: Export videos in various formats and share on popular platforms.Media Library: Access royalty-free assets like music and sound effects.Annotations and Callouts: Highlight areas with text and shapes.Visual Effects: Enhance videos with animations and filters. ![]() Multi-track Timeline: Layer multiple media elements for better organization.Quizzing and Interactivity: Add quizzes and interactive elements to videos.Webcam Recording: Include webcam video in recordings.Audio Editing: Record, adjust volume, and synchronize audio with video.Video Editing: Trim, merge, add text, transitions, and effects.Screen Recording: Capture computer screen and create tutorials or demonstrations.Its range of features, intuitive interface, and flexible sharing options make it an essential tool for anyone looking to create professional videos without a steep learning curve. In summary, Camtasia Studio is a versatile and user-friendly software that empowers content creators, educators, and businesses to produce compelling videos. Users can directly upload their videos to popular platforms like YouTube, Vimeo, and or export them in various formats suitable for web, mobile devices, or high-definition displays. Once the video is complete, Camtasia Studio provides multiple options for sharing and distribution. Users can enhance their videos with engaging graphics, captions, and interactive quizzes to make their content more engaging and informative. The intuitive drag-and-drop interface makes it easy for both beginners and experienced users to create polished and professional-looking videos.Īnother notable feature of Camtasia Studio is its extensive library of customizable templates, intros, and outros. Users can trim, split, and merge video clips, add transitions, animations, and effects, and even enhance the audio quality of their videos. In addition to screen recording, Camtasia Studio offers a comprehensive video editing suite. This functionality is invaluable for creating tutorials, instructional videos, or software demonstrations. Users can effortlessly capture their computer screen along with audio narration, system audio, and webcam footage. One of the standout features of Camtasia Studio is its screen recording capabilities. Developed by TechSmith, Camtasia Studio is widely used for screen recording, video editing, and creating interactive multimedia presentations. The TREC recording file opens in Camtasia and can be imported into other projects.Camtasia Studio is a powerful software application that allows users to create professional-quality videos with ease. Another option is to open the file in a desktop media player or web browser and record the playback with Camtasia Recorder. ![]() Download Handbrake and watch the tutorial below to learn how to convert the file to MP4.
![]() ![]() It holds a special place in my heart as there are so many funny memories, the pictures turned out just how we had hoped. I love the shoot, it’s one of my favourites. It was so funny that it all just fell into place and happened quite naturally. The styling was really simple so it looked natural not staged – some vintage flower swimming trunks or some Levi jeans, some friendship bands around her wrist. I remember Rose felt awkward so I made everyone there – Corinne, Neil, myself and Andy – strip down to our underwear. We stayed in a little cottage and the surroundings were beautiful. The only difference (with this shoot) was instead of putting Rose in an outfit we wanted her topless. We decided to go to Wales and got our friend Andy Frank the lead singer of the band Pusherman to drive us up. “I remember Rose felt awkward so I made everyone there strip down to our underwear” – Tara St Hill Rosemary Ferguson was perfect – stunningly beautiful, with an amazing presence and the perfect body for what we wanted. Some of the images were quite stunning, not just girls in tacky underwear with their legs open or grabbing at their boobs – the light was soft, the pictures artistic. We decided to pay homage to that era and wanted to shoot a girl in a rapeseed field topless, but to put a spin on it we decided we wanted the girl to have a boyish figure. We looked back to the Penthouse magazines of the 60s and 70s. We relished the idea of the project and were bouncing ideas around straight away. ![]() “Porn in those days had become tacky and a bit of a joke – it wasn’t the soft focus images of the 70s we remembered, it felt harder and a little soulless. Corinne had met the editor of Penthouse at a Vivienne Westwood party, and came home very excited telling me they had asked her to shoot for the magazine. Here, Olley, stylist Tara St Hill and hairstylist Neil Moodie revisit the series, shot over a weekend in the Welsh countryside. At its helm was Michelle Olley of Skin Two, a staple of London’s fetish press, who had been brought on board to “make porn cool” – applying the style of publications like The Face to Penthouse’s tired top shelf aesthetic.ĭespite Olley’s own good intentions, the newly revamped Penthouse didn’t last long (it ran until late 1998, while Olley herself left after four months), but it’s partly that sense of the short-lived which makes these unearthed images – the first of two shoots by Day for the magazine – so special. They emerged from a moment of late 90s optimism, a determination to reclaim the masculine gaze of pornography and reconcile it with art, beauty and the energy of London at the time. But so it was that in 1997 the renowned photographer (whose raw style blended the worlds of fashion and documentary, and would come to define an entire era of British image-making until her death in 2010) accepted a job shooting for a newly-revamped version of the soft-core mag. Penthouse and Corinne Day are two names you don’t expect to find in the same sentence. But I'm not aware of a prescriptive table that covers the combination of some 2x purlins plus thinner OSB sheathing. Spanning between the rafters is a separate check, and the info so far in this thread has been that 2x T&G decking can span 48", or that sufficiently thick plywood or OSB could work. If the snow load is higher, then you'd need to check something like the WFCM to see if it has an applicable span table, with or with out the load doubling trick. should span 10' (and be stiffer than typically required, as the deflection limit is L/360, not the L/240 or L/180 of the rafter span tables). So the 2x10 rafters with 10 psf dead, 20 psf live, and 48" o.c. If you halve the loading and double the spacing, the load per member is identical. If the dead load is 10 psf or less, and the snow load is 20 psf or less, then IRC Table R502.3.1(2) tells you than any of the species in #2 or better can span over 10' with 20 psf dead, 40 psf live, 24" o.c. ![]() It is also commonly expressed as a ratio of rise to run, or a fraction of the rise over the run. Window, Door & Garage Door Headers Supporting Roof, Wall & Floor Loads. Click to expand.On the rafters, what is the dead load and what is the snow load? Span is typically measured horizontally along the rafter projection from the ridge to the outer edge of the supporting outside wall plate. Tables providing size selections for various beam spans and loading combinations for Southern Pine dimension lumber and Southern Pine glued laminated timber are available for the following applications: Window, Door & Garage Door Headers Supporting Roof Loads Only. ![]() I have listed several of my designs, including my fonts on So Fontsy. So Fontsy also offers bundles and every item on the site comes with a standard commercial use license. It is easy to search and has tons of fonts. So Fontsy is a site run by a friend of mine. Purchasing font bundles is also a way to build your font collection quickly for cheap. What makes Design Cuts different from Creative Market is that they offer themed bundles every month so you can get a lot of design assets for a very low price. This is a great way to build your font collection quickly.ĭesign Cuts is a site similar to Creative Market. The thing I love about Creative Market is that they offer 6 design assets for free each week and sometimes one of the design assets is a font. Sometimes you can get commercial use fonts for free on these sites as well.Ĭreative Market was the first place that I listed my font, Low Tide, for sale. The following sites are some of my favorites for paid commercial use fonts. BEST PLACES TO FIND PAID COMMERCIAL USE FONTS Be sure to read the license carefully before purchasing a font. For example, some licenses only allow you to create a certain number of end products for sale and other licenses allow you to create unlimited end products for sale. ![]() When you purchase a commercial use font, you are purchasing a license to use the font commercially. There are also many sites that list paid commercial use fonts and I have listed some of them below. ![]() Most fonts have a notification either on the download page or in a text file that comes with the download. You need to make sure that the font you are downloading is truly free to use for commercial purposes. However, you need to be careful because the sites that list free fonts also have a lot of fonts that are for personal use only. There are many sites that offer commercial use fonts for free. What they are, the best places to find them, and what to know before using them.Ī commercial use font is any font that can be used to make items that result in a financial gain. I get questions from my readers a lot about where to find fonts so today I’m sharing what I know about commercial use fonts. But there are times when I want to use a font. I do a lot of design work and I usually use my own hand lettering in my designs. Certain font authors might also have special rules for how their fonts can be used listed on the download page, which should be respected.Need to find THE perfect font for your next project? Learn the best places to find commercial use fonts. All the sites here offer both free commercial fonts and some paid-for options, so always double-check which licenses are free before using them. ![]() A font might be free for personal use, but not commercial, which is something you'll need to look out for. It varies sometimes, but generally speaking, a Personal license doesn't allow you to use the font in projects that make money or will be seen by a lot of people, while Commercial does. Licensing: There are two main types of font licenses you have to worry about: Personal and Commercial.In that case, a website having a clean UI that clearly differentiates the fonts is much more important. Of course, if you don't know what you want yet and just want to browse all the fonts an aggregator has this doesn't matter as much. Being able to search fonts by name, licenses, or styles is an extremely important feature for font libraries to have. Organization: There's little use to having tons of fonts available if you can't easily sort through them.We picked these sites for their wide and varied libraries, so finding something you like shouldn't be an issue with any of them. We weeded out the bad ones and found the best websites, which all happen to offer hundreds, if not thousands, of free fonts. Font Selection: You'd be surprised how many free font websites are out there and how many different fonts they offer. ![]() That's where these free Word resume templates come in. Turning a blank document into an attractive, well-designed resume is hard work, especially when you'd rather put that time to use in your job search. This means avoiding overly wordy sentences and abbreviations where appropriate Make your resume easy to read, for robots and humans.Ensure all your important information is in the body of your resume Some ATS software can’t read data in the header or footer.Save your resume as a PDF (you can easily export as PDF once you’ve edited your Word resume template). ![]() Don’t overdo this, as resumes with a high match can be flagged for gaming the system
![]() Reaching this goal is everyone’s responsibility, including governments, NGOs, and companies in every industry that stand to benefit. According to our analysis, in order for the technology to gain widespread and timely adoption, the cost of DACS must fall from $800 or more per ton of CO 2 today to $200 or below per ton by 2050, and preferably earlier. Development of DACS technology is still in its early stages, however, and implementing and scaling it will take time and money. One of the most promising methods of CDR today is DACS, owing largely to the reliability of the offsets purchased to fund it. Funding for the development and scaling of novel CDR methods can come from the purchase of carbon offsets by companies that need to lower their carbon footprint, and from more direct investment in the technology. But to achieve net zero, even those that can reduce their CO 2 footprint by 90% will still face hard-to-abate emissions that can be counterbalanced only through high-quality CDR offsets.ĬDR covers a range of methods, including reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and direct air capture and storage (DACS). Most of them are already working on roadmaps for drastically reducing emissions-the first and most essential lever for fighting climate change. An increasing number of organizations are taking a science-based approach to the climate pledges they make. Similar measures are necessary to achieve corporate net zero targets. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world must remove 6 to 10 gigatons of CO 2 per year by 2050-and beyond. The science is clear: getting the world to net zero requires both drastic reductions in CO 2 emissions and the implementation of various carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods for actively withdrawing residual and historical CO 2 emissions from the atmosphere. This article is the result of a collaboration between BCG and Climeworks, a company from which BCG has purchased offsets. Technology, Media, and Telecommunications. |
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